Methodology

Data and sources

We state the original source, period, geographic scope, unit, and any calculation. Estimates and provisional figures are labelled.

Europe is not a statistical category. We therefore distinguish between the EU-27, euro area, European NATO members, and other groups according to the data's actual scope.

Use of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence may assist with preparing content, but it is not a factual source. We review every item before publication.

Corrections

We record material corrections and date the latest review of updated data.